Hplc

Analysisâ andâ Separationâ ofâ Organicâ Acidsâ inâ Whiteâ Wineâ Usingâ High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atis, Arnelson Arwin G. and Gaitos, Gerald M. Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Performed: December 9, 2011 Submitted: December 15, 2011 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION solutionsâ containingâ increasingâ amountsâ ofâ theâ organicâ corrosive. Theseâ solutionsâ wereâ containedâ inâ flasksâ numberedâ 5,â 6,â 7,â 8,â andâ 9. (Referâ toâ theâ Appendixâ toâ seeâ componentsâ ofâ eachâ cup). Tablesâ 2,â 3,â 4,â andâ 5â showâ theâ peakâ areasâ andâ theâ equationâ ofâ theâ calibrationâ curveâ obtainedâ forâ eachâ organicâ acidâ inâ theâ chromatogramsâ obtainedâ forâ flasksâ 5â toâ 9. Tableâ 2. Peak Areas of Tartaric Acid in Flasks 5, 6, 7, 8, andâ 9â Flaskâ Retentionâ Peak Area Concentrationâ timeâ (min)â (g/L)â 5â 2. 863â 491â 364â 0. 5â 6â 2. 905â 918â 187â 1â 7â 3. 027â 5â 949â 164â 5â 8â 3. 044â 8â 363â 261â 8â 9â 3. 065â 9â 475â 446â 10â Calibration Curve Equation:  yâ =â 984â 371. 3561xâ +â 216â 064. 755â R2â =â 0. 9912â  Tableâ 3. Peak Areas of Malic Acid in Flasks 5, 6, 7, and 8â Flaskâ Retentionâ Peak Area Concentrationâ timeâ (min)â (g/L)â 5â 3. 02â 159742â 0. 5â 6â 3. 760â 1â 114â 051â 1â 7â 3. 756â 4â 892â 727â 5â 8â 3. 795â 6â 88 3â 424â 10â Calibration Curve Equation:  yâ =â 688â 260. 8175xâ +â 475â 029. 6892â R2â =â 0. 9766â  Tableâ 4. Peakâ Areasâ ofâ Lacticâ Acidâ inâ Flasksâ 5,â 6,â 7,â 8,â andâ 9â Flaskâ Retentionâ Peak Area Concentrationâ timeâ (min)â (g/L)â 5â 3. 533â 575â 620â 0. 1â 6â 3. 598â 1â 248â 888â 1â 7â 3. 621â 3â 762â 922â 2. 5 Theâ retentionâ timesâ ofâ differentâ organicâ acidsâ commonlyâ foundâ inâ whiteâ wineâ wereâ obtainedâ usingâ highâ performanceâ liquidâ chromatography. Theâ peakâ areasâ ofâ theâ acidsâ wereâ thenâ obtainedâ throughâ chromatogramsâ andâ plottedâ againstâ theâ concentrationsâ ofâ the standardâ solutionsâ ofâ theâ organicâ acidsâ toâ constructâ aâ calibrationâ bend. Finally,â theâ calibrationâ curvesâ obtainedâ wereâ usedâ toâ determineâ theâ concentrationâ ofâ theâ organicâ acidsâ inâ samplesâ ofâ whiteâ wine. Standardâ solutionsâ ofâ variousâ organicâ acidsâ commonlyâ foundâ inâ whiteâ wineâ (tartaric,â malic,â lactic,â citric)â wereâ assignedâ toâ beâ containedâ inâ flasksâ 1,â 2,â 3,â andâ 4,â respectively,â andâ wereâ runâ throughâ theâ chromatograph. Theâ mobileâ phaseâ usedâ forâ theâ analytesâ wasâ H3PO4 atâ pH 3,â toâ preventâ dissociationâ ofâ theâ organicâ acids. Theâ resultingâ chromatogramsâ ofâ eachâ standardâ wereâ thenâ analyzedâ toâ obtainâ theâ retentionâ timesâ ofâ theâ organicâ acids. Tableâ 1â showsâ theâ experimentalâ retentionâ timesâ ofâ theâ differentâ organicâ acids. Tableâ 1. Experimentalâ Retentionâ Timesâ ofâ Organicâ Acidsâ Organic Acid Retention Time (min) Tartaricâ â 3. 088â Malicâ 3. 812â Lacticâ 3. 620â Citricâ 3. 68â  Sinceâ thereâ wereâ noâ clearâ peaksâ fromâ theâ chromatogramsâ obtainedâ forâ theâ tartaric,â malic,â andâ lacticâ acidâ samples,â theâ retentionâ timeâ atâ whichâ theâ peakâ heightâ isâ greatestâ wasâ obtainedâ asâ theâ experimentalâ retentionâ timeâ ofâ theâ organicâ acids. Theâ exp erimentalâ retentionâ timesâ wereâ thenâ usedâ toâ identifyâ theâ peakâ areasâ correspondingâ toâ eachâ organicâ acidâ analyzedâ inâ theâ resultingâ chromatogramsâ of 8â 3. 597â 5â 048â 614â 3â 9â 3. 619â 6â 519â 896â 5â Calibration Curve Equation:  yâ =â 1â 300â 341. 246xâ +â 414â 396. 3089â R2â =â 0. 9815â  Tableâ 5. Peakâ Areasâ ofâ Citricâ Acidâ inâ Flasksâ 5,â 6,â 7,â 8,â andâ 9â Flaskâ Retentionâ Peak Area Concentrationâ timeâ (min)â (g/L)â 5â 3. 140â 361â 921â 0. 05â 6â 3. 208â 907â 232â 0. 1â 7â 3. 306â 4â 736â 427â 0. 5â 8â 3. 325â 7â 508â 481â 0. 75â 9â 3. 347â 9â 612â 454â 1â Calibration Curve Equation:  yâ =â 9â 836â 731. 501xâ +â 96â 328. 12036â R2â =â 0. 9994â  Theâ equationsâ ofâ theâ calibrationâ curvesâ wereâ thenâ usedâ toâ calculateâ theâ concentrationâ ofâ eachâ organicâ acidâ inâ theâ whiteâ wineâ tests. Theâ peakâ areaâ correspondingâ toâ eachâ organicâ acidâ wasâ firstâ obtained,â andâ substitutedâ inâ theâ calibrationâ curveâ condition. Theâ concentration of each acid is shown in Table 6. Tableâ 6. Experimentalâ Concentrationâ ofâ Various Organic Acids in White Wine Samples. Organicâ Retentionâ Peak Area Concentrationâ Acidâ Timeâ (min)â (g/L)â Tartaricâ â 2. 966â 2â 675â 651â 2. 499â Malicâ 3. 752â 3â 576â 021â 4. 506â Lacticâ 3. 393â 4â 709â 737â 3. 303â Citricâ 3. 144â 794â 394â 0. 091â  Theâ resultsâ indicateâ thatâ malicâ acidâ isâ theâ majorâ componentâ ofâ whiteâ wine. Butâ inâ reality,â thisâ isâ notâ theâ case. Theâ majorâ componentâ ofâ whiteâ wineâ isâ foundâ toâ beâ tartaricâ acid. Theâ chromatogramsâ (Seeâ Appendix)â ofâ flasksâ 1â toâ 9,â andâ ofâ theâ sampleâ areâ notâ wellâ settled. Thisâ discrepancyâ mayâ beâ causedâ byâ severalâ factors. Theseâ factorsâ includeâ poorâ solutionâ preparation,â contaminationâ ofâ theâ solventâ orâ theâ sample,â bubblesâ inâ theâ detector,â impuritiesâ inâ theâ mobileâ phase,â bleedingâ ofâ theâ column,â inadequateâ adjustmentâ ofâ equilibriumâ inâ gradientâ operation,â andâ convey? overâ fromâ previousâ infusion. Dueâ toâ theseâ factors,â itâ isâ highlyâ advisedâ thatâ theâ futureâ researchersâ shouldâ cautiouslyâ executeâ each procedureâ ofâ theâ experimentâ toâ eliminateâ theâ discrepancyâ andâ accordingly,â theyâ couldâ attainâ betterâ results. Theyâ couldâ alsoâ makeâ useâ ofâ theoreticalâ retentionâ timesâ ofâ theâ organicâ acidsâ toâ determineâ eachâ ofâ themâ andâ whichâ couldâ furtherâ helpâ theâ futureâ researchersâ toâ analyzeâ theâ wineâ sampleâ moreâ productively. REFERENCE:  Meyer, Veronika R. Practical High Performance Liquid    â Chromatography. 2ndâ ed. 1993. England: John  Wiley & Sons Ltd. APPENDIX  Data Sheets   Concentrationâ ofâ tartaricâ acidâ standard:â 50. 0â g/Lâ Concentrationâ ofâ malicâ acidâ standard:â 50. 0â g/Lâ Concentrationâ ofâ lacticâ acidâ standard:â 25. 0â g/Lâ Concentrationâ ofâ citricâ acidâ standard:â 5. 0â g/Lâ Composition of Flasks 1? 9â Volume of standard stock solutions (in mL)  Retention Time Measurement Calibration Curve Flaskâ #â 1â 2â 3â 4â 5â 6â 7â 8â Tartaric Acid 5. 00â 0. 00â 0. 00â 0. 00â 0. 25 0. 50 2. 50 4. 00 Malic Acid 0. 00â 7. 50â 0. 00â 0. 00â 0. 10 0. 50 2. 50 5. 00 Lactic Acid 0. 00â 0. 00â 5. 00â 0. 00â 0. 10 1. 00 2. 50 3. 00 Citric Acid 0. 00â 0. 00â 0. 00â 5. 00â 0. 25 0. 50 2. 50 3. 75 9â 5. 00 7. 50 5. 00 5. 00 *Chromatograms of flasks 1? 9â andâ ofâ theâ whiteâ wineâ sampleâ canâ beâ seenâ inâ theâ remainingâ pagesâ afterâ this.

Maggie a Girl of the Streets Free Essays

Stephen Crane composed many short stories, one of which was Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. His accounts contained different parts of Naturalism, an abstract development that looked to reproduce a credible regular reality, instead of Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may get profoundly representative, optimistic, or even extraordinary treatment. Neediness, misuse and natural selection lifestyle made a situation which Maggie was adversely impacted by. We will compose a custom paper test on Maggie: a Girl of the Streets or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Her condition is comprised of numerous conditions that influence her, one of which is destitution. Maggie experienced childhood in neediness, experienced her youth in a ratty condo in Rum Alley. This neediness affected her convictions. The story says â€Å"when Pete showed up Maggie, in a well used dark dress, was waiting†¦,† (18). In examination, Pete was said to wear decent garments, for example, â€Å"his blue twofold breasted coat, edged with dark twist, fastened near a res puff tie, and his patent-calfskin shoes,† (14). Maggie has her â€Å"worn dress† and as such she considers herself to be modest. The impact of the destitution is accentuated when Maggie, while watching Pete, considers â€Å"She enigmatically attempted to ascertain the elevation of the apex from which he more likely than not looked downward on her,† (16). This announcement shows how, now in her life she sees others over her. The destitution made her think along these lines it affected her in manners so unobtrusive but then so enormous. It was this intuition brought about by the neediness which prompted her searching out Pete’s quality. The destitution stricken condition in which Maggie lived is one in which just the solid endure or one who adjusts. The ladies are portrayed as â€Å"formidable ladies, with uncombed hair and confused dress,† (4). They are survivors. They lack the capacity to deal with looking decent, they are attempting to be solid and endure. Maggie, then again, â€Å"grew to be a generally uncommon and brilliant creation of an apartment region, a pretty girl,† (13). She isn't solid in that angle and as such she searched out a tough individual, Pete. When seeing him she thinks â€Å"Here was an impressive man who despised the quality of a world loaded with clench hands. Here was one who had hatred for metal dressed force; one whose knuckles could rebelliously ring against the rock of law. He was a knight,† (16). She got fascinated with his quality and insubordination. He declares how incredible of a contender he is and accordingly she floats towards him so he can be her knight. He could ensure her. This reasoning she required a resilient man was an aftereffect of her condition. It was natural selection and her endeavor at endurance was joining herself to a tough man. Some other time where she needed to adjust so as to endure was the point at which she was strolling down the avenues â€Å"Soon the young lady found that in the event that she strolled with such clear aimlessness, a few men took a gander at her with figuring eyes. She enlivened her progression, terrified. As an assurance, she embraced an attitude of eagerness as though going somewhere,† (47). This statement underlines the way that so as to endure she expected to adjust to the roads. All through all of Maggie’s life there was, on the destitution and the basic sense for endurance, viciousness and maltreatment in her home. Savagery and misuse was a steady in Maggie’s life. The viciousness and misuse influenced her brain science. Both the physical beatings and the absence of parental figures because of the maltreatment cause her to demonstration uniquely in contrast to she would in the event that she had a mother who cherished her and a steady family life. Maggie more than once alludes to her mom as ‘the woman’ or ‘the mother’, for example, in the statements â€Å"the eyes of both were drawn, by some power, to gaze at the woman’s face,† (10). She doesn't discuss Mary as her mom; rather Maggie alludes to her as another lady. This occurred because of the savagery appeared to her from Mary; she doesn't confide in her mom. Her mom at that point continues to, later on in Maggie’s life, show Maggie out of the loft since she doesn't care for Maggie’s beau, Pete. Mary tells Maggie â€Å"Yeh’ve gone the deh fiend, Mag Johnson, yehs knows yehs have gone the deh fallen angel. Yer a disfavor the yer individuals, damn yeh. An’ now, git out an’ go ahn wid dat doe-confronted jude of yours. Go the damnation wid him, damn yeh, an’ no love lost. Go the damnation an’ perceive how yeh likes it,† (27). This obnoxious attack is something which Maggie has lived with for her entire life. This statement is the peak in Maggie’s life. The maltreatment from her mom pushes her out of the condo and to her ensuing demise. The entirety of the maltreatment and brutality impacted Maggie and made her have a destroyed life. Eventually for the duration of Maggie’s life, she was affected by her condition. Her life would have developed in a totally unexpected manner in comparison to in Maggie: A young lady of the Streets. The earth wherein one experiences childhood in is vital throughout everyday life. Nature is one where kids gain from and it impacts who they will be. For certain individuals their condition impacts them to improve things, and in different cases, as with Maggie, it is for the more regrettable. All maltreatment, the neediness and natural selection condition lead to her initial demise. Had those components not been there she in all probability would have carried on with a long and extraordinary life. In any case, those elements where there in her condition and that is the truth of life, not all things are great. The most effective method to refer to Maggie: a Girl of the Streets, Essay models

Christian virtues Essay Example for Free

Christian temperances Essay No broad implicit rules covers them two as though the realm of God had unfolded before now is the right time, Left-wing political dreamers and simply war scholars neglect to recognize these two hands of God and attempt to accommodate the pressure between them, regularly to the detriment of the state. They attempt to force Christian ideals, for example, love and leniency upon the state yet neglect to perceive the corruption of our current parcel and the requirement for the state to limit its wrongs. Socialism may have discovered its place in the early church with Ð ° individuals who were set up to share every one of their assets (Acts 2.43, 44; 4. 32), yet this monetary framework doesn't work in the unregenerate universe of sluggishness and narrow-mindedness. Pacifism may have served the congregation and its individuals well as Ð ° observer to divine beauty and leniency, however the state would renounce its duties before God on the off chance that it didn't bear the blade and shield its residents from crooks. It was Thomas Aquinas, not Augustine, who grew simply war hypothesis along the characteristic law convention. Augustine didn't separate clear, all inclusive standards so as to announce Ð ° society or its wars just. He saw Ð ° unmistakable polarity between private conduct, which may deny the utilization of the blade in self-preservation, and the open right of the state to safeguard itself to benefit the network. Machiavelli concurred and discussed two moralities remaining alive one next to the other, the ethical quality of the individual soul and the profound quality of the city. A few activities, while not righteous from Ð ° private or Christian perspectives, are still totally important in the event that one wishes to protect the Republic. Protestant scholars will in general concur with this evaluation. Emil Brunner didn't accept that we could force Ð ° variant of total equity on Ð ° world obscured with wrongdoing. In the old Testament God didn't force Ð ° prohibition on separate ‘because of the hardness of their hearts’, regardless of whether ‘it was not along these lines from the beginning’ and supreme equity would request in any case. Relative equity is everything we can seek after in the domain of society and Ð ° world tumbled from its unique picture. (Amit 2003 127) Reinhold Niebuhr dismissed the chance of doing great without causing some malicious. In reality, one must get corrupted with its underhandedness and battle power with power. So helpful have fear based oppressor assaults been to propelling the neocon plan that birds of prey are determined to inciting more. As William Arkin wrote in the Los Angeles Times, Rumsfelds Defense Science Board suggested in 2002 the formation of Ð ° excessively mystery â€Å"Proactive, Preemptive Operations Group (P2OG) to unite CIA and military secret activity, data fighting, knowledge, and spread and misdirection. In addition to other things, this body would dispatch mystery tasks planned for 'animating responses among psychological militants and states having weapons of mass destructionâ€that is, for example, goading fear based oppressor cells vigorously and presenting themselves to 'fast reaction assaults by U. S. powers. Such strategies would 'sign to harboring states that their sway will be in danger. † (Amy 2004 38) Another contention can be made that Islamist radicalism, anyway it emerged, can be battled all the more successfully if Ð ° bigger number of residents have Ð ° stake in non-fanatic, progressively democratized political frameworks. More opportunity ought to be made to encourage upgraded political support and human interest in Middle Eastern states. Ð  more noteworthy level of investment may happen without the usage of different imperatives of vote based system. In the event that our meaning of opportunity is free decisions, Ð ° free press, and work unionsâ€it is missing in Saudi Arabia. Supporters of the Kingdom point to different techniques for making parity and equity in the public eye, whereby the illustrious family ensures the residents and safeguards their qualities in return for their reliability. While this may resemble feudalism to the peruser, such deals were satisfied in Islamic history through the Ottoman idea of the hover of value; self-administration of strict minorities; and the acknowledgment of neighborhood, ancestral, and familial specialists. Todays Middle Eastern rulers are confronting comparative inquiries concerning the manners in which that democratization will adjust prior understandings of initiative or compromise its life span. â€Å" (Sherifa 2005 28)

A History of Pakistan Essay

â€Å"Believe it or not, India and Pakistan were at one time a strong and bound together nation: the residents of the Indian outskirt conditions of Rajasthan and Punjab were practically appearing to be like the residents of Pakistan† (Paul, 2005). â€Å"So when India turned out to be liberated from the British colonizers in 1947, clashes between the India and Pakistan began to get exceptional. From that point forward, India and Pakistan have consistently been irate and uninterested towards each otherâ€in truth, they have just taken an interest in three significant warsâ€and in any event, during times of harmony, the two country’s relationship had consistently been on the line† (Jaffrelot, 2005). â€Å"Inspired by their contentions in regards to territories† over the district of Kashmir, outrage and scorn created between the two nations throughout the years. For Pakistanis, the Kashmir debate has become an image of broken promises and Indian trickery, and they are continually endeavoring to raise the issue at whatever point conceivable, consequently drawing solid responses from India; then again, India thinks about Kashmir as a fundamental piece of the nation, and endeavors of the Pakistanis are seen as a demonstration to spread India’s picture (Conboy, 1992). Peruse more: Current Political Situation of Pakistan Up right up 'til the present time, Kashmir remains the world’s biggest and most exceptionally mobilized regional debate. More regrettable, as the years cruised by, numerous issues have coupled the enduring argument about Kashmir, for example, the connected issues of the Siachen Glacier, the Wular Lake Barrage, and the present Kashmiri battle; communalism and the situation of the minorities; atomic turns of events; occasional residential difficulties; the Afghanistan emergency; and the association of outside forces (King, 1998). The Benefits of Pakistan Partition â€Å"Economic programs in Pakistan after the time of its segment underlined on center arranging. The Pakistani government set up destinations for controlling private ventures. The segment was built up so as to improve household organizations and decrease reliance on outside exchange. These endeavors prompted the security of its financial improvement in the 1950s† (Jones, 2003). Nonetheless, magnificent outcomes quit coming in the two straight decades. By the mid 1970s Pakistan had prevailing with regards to vanquishing its objective of security as far as food accessibility, â€Å"although this food was not so much accessible to all Pakistanis due to the defective dispersion and deficiencies in the harvest†. In the late 1970s the Pakistani government started to diminish its control over the economy, which prompted eased back advancement toward this objective. By 1991, be that as it may, the Pakistani government despite everything controlled or oversaw numerous enterprises, including mining and financing, assembling and development. Financial improvement upgraded during this time, in any event step by step because of monetary projects upheld by outside advances (Jones, 2003). A money related emergency after the parcel animated Pakistan to establish major monetary changes. Since the segment came about into a mind blowing flood in oil costs, Pakistan was spooky by a blast of installments issue. To assemble credits from all around respected subsidizing associations, Pakistan decided to actualize programs so as to free its economy. These monetary projects wiped out numerous severe government approaches on speculation, and built up levy frameworks that kept up exchanging at a sensible level. â€Å"Also, change deregulated numerous ventures and privatized numerous open endeavors. These changes proceeded through the mid-1990s, in spite of the fact that at a more slow rate as a result of political changes in India’s government. In 1993 Pakistan allowed Pakistan-possessed private banks to be set up alongside a minority of outside banks† (Holliday, 2000). â€Å"With the changes, Pakistan fantastically made a smooth progress from a shut and prohibitive economy to one that is open and allowed to the world. By 1996 to 1997, outside speculation had developed to about $6 billion, up from $165 million of every 1990 to 1991. Fares and imports additionally improved altogether simultaneously. Monetary development since the 1980s has carried with it an extension of the working class, which was assessed to shape 20 to 25 percent of Pakistan’s populace in the mid-1990s. Thus, the interest for purchaser products has extended rapidly† (Mittmann, 1991). In Pakistan, the upsurge of inventive action appears to have had more to do with the approach of segment than with the Silicon Valley marvel. The segment has significantly changed the market and flexibly conditions, from being deficiency and merchant headed to being purchaser and rivalry driven. To endure and develop, firms need to concentrate on improving their intensity. They are understanding that the genuine wellspring of mechanical rivalry today lies in development and the quick innovative change occurring all through the world. Innovation is presently a key determinant of key change in Pakistani firms. Mechanical advancement dependent on indigenous innovation improvement is as yet a tricky dream, yet the ‘process’ of innovation securing and absorption is currently particularly a key procedure, lined up with firms’ need to manufacture abilities (Kudaisya, 2001). The parcel has invigorated the quick development of advancement driven ventures, for example, data innovation (IT), correspondences innovation, biotechnology and pharmaceutical enterprises. This has prompted another sort of business venture known as the information endeavor and another segment of the economy known as the information economy. This division is currently a noteworthy part of the national economy and records for an enormous segment of monetary development. The segment made reestablished enthusiasm for imaginative enterprise as a key driver for the quick dissemination of development in business and industry. Business possesses the focal point of the audience in the riches creation process in the information economy (Cohen, 2004). References: Cohen, S, 2004. The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press. Conboy, K, 1992. Tip top Forces of India and Pakistan. Osprey Publishing Holliday, T, 2000. Knowledge Guide Pakistan. Understanding Guides; third version Jaffrelot, C, 2005. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Song of praise Press; New release Jones, O, 2003. Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press; second version King, J, 1998. Desolate Planet Pakistan. Desolate Planet Publications; fifth release Kudaisya, G, 2001. The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia. Routledge; first release Mittmann, K, 1991. Culture Shock! : Pakistan. Realistic Arts Center Publishing Company Paul, T, 2005. The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry. Cambridge University Pres

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks How to write extended essay assignments and earn good grades? First, you need to know that any extended essay is a type of academic writing, which success is based completely on its structure. In addition to choosing a topic, finalizing a question, and researching, it’s important to decide on the best structure because this assignment is long. Looking through available examples is a very effective way to succeed. Don’t forget to break down your content into different subtopics to make it simpler for readers to follow the logical flow of your ideas. How to write extended essay To start with, you need to learn the right definition of this academic assignment. Any extended essay is a piece of writing that represents your independent research within 4000 words. It’s an important part of the IB (International Baccalaureate) Diploma Program. This means that students won’t get their Bachelor degree if they fail to successfully write this paper on a narrow subject. However, it’s more than just a lengthy academic assignment because extended essays imply: A great chance to research a certain problem; Practical preparation for undergraduate studies. Read and consider official guidelines because they mean a lot for your final grade. Take the following things into account when writing your extended essay: It must have a few basic parts, including its title page, abstract, contents page, body, introduction, conclusion, bibliography page, appendices; Read specific guidelines for the chosen subject because rules may vary; The introduction should contain a research question, which isn’t a statement; The body should develop your research clearly, so be sure to use citations in the right format; Concluding and introductory paragraphs should be clear and contain no repetitions. Outlining/planning Outlining or planning is important for your understanding of how to write extended essay assignments. The basic outlining purpose is to help you develop strong arguments and pursue a research question. Your outline should describe the chosen topic and explain the sources you use when building both arguments and counterarguments. What do you need to do in your outline? State a research question; Describe the significance of your topic; Outline your plan of developing arguments; Choose your favorite answer to a research question; Briefly describe the steps that will be taken to build your major argument; Write an annotated bibliography. Remember that your outline is an important plan because it provides the right foundation for your future paper. You may decide that you need changes in your initial plan or arguments when doing your further research. Topic choice Choose the topic that you like and ensure that it’s related to your surroundings. It should be narrow or limited to the scope that you can effectively examine in depth. Your topic should provide you with a great opportunity to collect enough information and data for a further evaluation or analysis. Don’t choose broad subjects because they won’t help you write a successful extended essay. Besides, any topic that requires a descriptive approach without any personal research isn’t suitable for this type of writing. It shouldn’t simply provide a summary of secondary sources because you won’t earn high marks. Finalizing a question Having a question to start with is the only effective way to work out if it’s good enough. That’s why you need to formulate a topic into a research question at the very beginning. It must be precise and clear. What is it all about? It’s easy to forget your original point after doing in-depth research and writing a well-worded question. Sometimes, information and research may take you far away from original intentions. Take a step back to determine if you really want to write about it. Ensure that your research question is really interesting and presents some possibilities that intrigue you. It also needs to be specific enough and define its own limits. Choose the variables that you leave open because there’s no point if wasting time on worthless endeavors. Make sure that your research question doesn’t leave your extended essay unfocused. Besides, you should be able to answer it, so ensure that each idea that you include in your draft links back to your question. Every paragraph that you write should dig a bit deeper into it. All the ideas, materials, and data that you use when writing an extended paper should answer your research question. How to write extended essay outline How should the outline of your extended essay look like? Students use a few different approaches to plan this paper. Choose the one that you like the most. Start with preparing a brief summary of each paragraph and write a single line about it. Extend the abstract of each section by including a few bullet points. Use supporting evidence, such as stats, facts, and in-text citations, taken from reliable sources. Explain how each proof illustrates your main point. Make your outline more large-scale by using extra suggestions and opinions that are related to a general point. Another outlining method makes it possible to compare sections and divide each paragraph into clear parts. It’s very useful if you want to modify headings or rearrange their order without rewriting anything. Use different tools to categorize relevant sections and tailor them accordingly. How to write extended essay introduction What do you need to know to write the best introduction? It should explain what targeted readers can expect from other paragraphs of your extended essay while making clear the main goal of your writing, insight into your major argument, and scope of your study (reliable sources that you will use). You need to have a sense of the main focus and direction. It’s advisable to write an introductory paragraph after finishing the rest of your extended essay. Its body must contain a research analysis, discussion, and assessment. Don’t forget to make a strong statement in the introduction. How to write extended essay conclusion The conclusion of your extended essay should cover the things that your research achieved, including unanswered questions and notes of any restrictions. One effective way is to come up with your outcomes based on the results of your study, but it’s necessary to get a final summarizing conclusion. This section should be clear and relevant to your research question. Ensure that it’s consistent with your thesis, while its development and explanation are presented in your essay. A concluding paragraph is something more than just a summary because it requires you to review how convincingly your thesis is supported and your research question is answered. Restate your major points and discuss a broader implication of your thesis or new issues that your research brings. How to write extended essay reflection Any reflection is always a continual process. When constantly considering the decisions you make in the process of writing your extended essay, you should be prepared to avoid common pitfalls involves in independent researching. Reflection help you plan everything and allow you to monitor the entire progress. Students are encouraged to reflect throughout their research process, not only in the end. When working on your extended essay, you’ll meet your supervisor a few times. Some of these sessions are devoted to reflections, and you will need to submit them on the writing and research process. Ask yourself different questions because it’s an effective way to help you with reflections. The answers you give will help you identify existing problems and find effective ways to solve them. How to write extended essay abstract The main purpose of your abstract is to guide the audience. It concisely reviews or highlights all the major ideas covered in your essay in addition to its scope of writing and content. It’s a very useful tool for writers to understand whether they have a clear grasp of arguments and thesis statements. If you can state them clearly in a few sentences to let other people who aren’t familiar with the subject to understand your key idea, you have a good grasp of the ideas you want to express. Your abstract should say everything important in a way that provides readers with a clear idea of the content of your extended essay. What are its basic qualities? It should: Use the right structure to present your extended essay; Provide transitions or logical connections between information; Follow your chosen chronology; Add no new facts; Summarize and use passive verbs to emphasize data; Be understandable to people; Unify well-developed paragraphs to make them concise, coherent, and able to stand out. To write an effective abstract for your extended essay, reread it with the goal of abstracting in your mind. Look for its main parts and write a rough draft without looking back. Don’t try just to copy important sentences because you’ll end up putting too little or too much information. Sum up information in some new way. If you find it hard to write an abstract or have problems with other writing stages, you can always count on online professional writing services because they’re available around the clock.

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks

Extended Essay Writing Suggestions and Tricks How to write extended essay assignments and earn good grades? First, you need to know that any extended essay is a type of academic writing, which success is based completely on its structure. In addition to choosing a topic, finalizing a question, and researching, it’s important to decide on the best structure because this assignment is long. Looking through available examples is a very effective way to succeed. Don’t forget to break down your content into different subtopics to make it simpler for readers to follow the logical flow of your ideas. How to write extended essay To start with, you need to learn the right definition of this academic assignment. Any extended essay is a piece of writing that represents your independent research within 4000 words. It’s an important part of the IB (International Baccalaureate) Diploma Program. This means that students won’t get their Bachelor degree if they fail to successfully write this paper on a narrow subject. However, it’s more than just a lengthy academic assignment because extended essays imply: A great chance to research a certain problem; Practical preparation for undergraduate studies. Read and consider official guidelines because they mean a lot for your final grade. Take the following things into account when writing your extended essay: It must have a few basic parts, including its title page, abstract, contents page, body, introduction, conclusion, bibliography page, appendices; Read specific guidelines for the chosen subject because rules may vary; The introduction should contain a research question, which isn’t a statement; The body should develop your research clearly, so be sure to use citations in the right format; Concluding and introductory paragraphs should be clear and contain no repetitions. Outlining/planning Outlining or planning is important for your understanding of how to write extended essay assignments. The basic outlining purpose is to help you develop strong arguments and pursue a research question. Your outline should describe the chosen topic and explain the sources you use when building both arguments and counterarguments. What do you need to do in your outline? State a research question; Describe the significance of your topic; Outline your plan of developing arguments; Choose your favorite answer to a research question; Briefly describe the steps that will be taken to build your major argument; Write an annotated bibliography. Remember that your outline is an important plan because it provides the right foundation for your future paper. You may decide that you need changes in your initial plan or arguments when doing your further research. Topic choice Choose the topic that you like and ensure that it’s related to your surroundings. It should be narrow or limited to the scope that you can effectively examine in depth. Your topic should provide you with a great opportunity to collect enough information and data for a further evaluation or analysis. Don’t choose broad subjects because they won’t help you write a successful extended essay. Besides, any topic that requires a descriptive approach without any personal research isn’t suitable for this type of writing. It shouldn’t simply provide a summary of secondary sources because you won’t earn high marks. Finalizing a question Having a question to start with is the only effective way to work out if it’s good enough. That’s why you need to formulate a topic into a research question at the very beginning. It must be precise and clear. What is it all about? It’s easy to forget your original point after doing in-depth research and writing a well-worded question. Sometimes, information and research may take you far away from original intentions. Take a step back to determine if you really want to write about it. Ensure that your research question is really interesting and presents some possibilities that intrigue you. It also needs to be specific enough and define its own limits. Choose the variables that you leave open because there’s no point if wasting time on worthless endeavors. Make sure that your research question doesn’t leave your extended essay unfocused. Besides, you should be able to answer it, so ensure that each idea that you include in your draft links back to your question. Every paragraph that you write should dig a bit deeper into it. All the ideas, materials, and data that you use when writing an extended paper should answer your research question. How to write extended essay outline How should the outline of your extended essay look like? Students use a few different approaches to plan this paper. Choose the one that you like the most. Start with preparing a brief summary of each paragraph and write a single line about it. Extend the abstract of each section by including a few bullet points. Use supporting evidence, such as stats, facts, and in-text citations, taken from reliable sources. Explain how each proof illustrates your main point. Make your outline more large-scale by using extra suggestions and opinions that are related to a general point. Another outlining method makes it possible to compare sections and divide each paragraph into clear parts. It’s very useful if you want to modify headings or rearrange their order without rewriting anything. Use different tools to categorize relevant sections and tailor them accordingly. How to write extended essay introduction What do you need to know to write the best introduction? It should explain what targeted readers can expect from other paragraphs of your extended essay while making clear the main goal of your writing, insight into your major argument, and scope of your study (reliable sources that you will use). You need to have a sense of the main focus and direction. It’s advisable to write an introductory paragraph after finishing the rest of your extended essay. Its body must contain a research analysis, discussion, and assessment. Don’t forget to make a strong statement in the introduction. How to write extended essay conclusion The conclusion of your extended essay should cover the things that your research achieved, including unanswered questions and notes of any restrictions. One effective way is to come up with your outcomes based on the results of your study, but it’s necessary to get a final summarizing conclusion. This section should be clear and relevant to your research question. Ensure that it’s consistent with your thesis, while its development and explanation are presented in your essay. A concluding paragraph is something more than just a summary because it requires you to review how convincingly your thesis is supported and your research question is answered. Restate your major points and discuss a broader implication of your thesis or new issues that your research brings. How to write extended essay reflection Any reflection is always a continual process. When constantly considering the decisions you make in the process of writing your extended essay, you should be prepared to avoid common pitfalls involves in independent researching. Reflection help you plan everything and allow you to monitor the entire progress. Students are encouraged to reflect throughout their research process, not only in the end. When working on your extended essay, you’ll meet your supervisor a few times. Some of these sessions are devoted to reflections, and you will need to submit them on the writing and research process. Ask yourself different questions because it’s an effective way to help you with reflections. The answers you give will help you identify existing problems and find effective ways to solve them. How to write extended essay abstract The main purpose of your abstract is to guide the audience. It concisely reviews or highlights all the major ideas covered in your essay in addition to its scope of writing and content. It’s a very useful tool for writers to understand whether they have a clear grasp of arguments and thesis statements. If you can state them clearly in a few sentences to let other people who aren’t familiar with the subject to understand your key idea, you have a good grasp of the ideas you want to express. Your abstract should say everything important in a way that provides readers with a clear idea of the content of your extended essay. What are its basic qualities? It should: Use the right structure to present your extended essay; Provide transitions or logical connections between information; Follow your chosen chronology; Add no new facts; Summarize and use passive verbs to emphasize data; Be understandable to people; Unify well-developed paragraphs to make them concise, coherent, and able to stand out. To write an effective abstract for your extended essay, reread it with the goal of abstracting in your mind. Look for its main parts and write a rough draft without looking back. Don’t try just to copy important sentences because you’ll end up putting too little or too much information. Sum up information in some new way. If you find it hard to write an abstract or have problems with other writing stages, you can always count on online professional writing services because they’re available around the clock.